Need for a Metadata Model

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Keywords: ERM, ECM

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In teaching AIIM’s ERM course, considerable time is spent on records retention and disposition.  I find it interesting that members of management in organizations can so easily talk about long term retention of content.  I, personally, do not consider PERMANENT an appropriate retention period (it does not bring into consideration the practical issue of who is going to pay for the boxes of records in storage and the storage and migration of content on the servers), but certainly some records will need to be retained for the life of the organization.  For government identities and many businesses, that means for a very long period of time.  To manage and retrieve records over long periods of time, there is a need for consistently labeling content.

For the many of us who have taken over Records Management departments, we are well aware of the situation.  As new Vice Presidents, Directors or Managers of these functions, we improve policies, procedures and operations in these areas.  Really, this is no different from taking over any other operation in the organization.  What is unique for RM professionals is that we are also still responsible for all of the records that have been previously captured or stored in the past.  Quite often we are asked why we can’t find the records that were captured and stored years earlier.

During these prior times, it is evident that there was not the records management discipline that we are currently instilling across our organizations.  In regards to documentation covering the previous holdings? – Quite often, there isn't any.

Where there is previous documentation, it often becomes apparent that descriptive terms they were using varied across departments and/or locations.  We often notice that, over time, the descriptive terms used by a department or, perhaps, even an individual has changed.  From this experience, we clearly understand the need for consistency in how we describe and label our records and other content.

I smile when I hear that we are trying to make all staff records management professionals in managing their content.  Clearly, many people don’t have the management, analytical skills and technology awareness required to manage content properly.  What is necessary is that employees’ awareness and perspective of their work products – records and information, must be broadened.  Do employees appreciate that records and information are important assets of the organization?  Do they understand that to find this important information in the future, effort is required up front?

It is imperative that employees use consistent metadata – descriptive terms, to identify their physical and electronic records.  A major business driver of electronic records management is the sharing of information across divisions/departments and locations.  The employee in Los Angeles that is looking for important business information should know and understand the metadata that was applied to the content in Chicago and New York.

Getting back to our long term retention of records, employees need to know and understand the metadata that was applied years, and decades, earlier.

A metadata model is a collection of metadata that will be used across the organization and over time.  This metadata are often called the “official terms” that will be used to manage and retrieve content.

From experience, we know that establishing a structure for managing records and information – a metadata model, is often difficult.  Individuals want to use their own jargon and terms they are comfortable with.  This is where the broader perspective of records and information is important.  Content belongs to the organization and needs to be shared by other staff and be retrievable years later.

In condensing the metadata model, having strong senior management support and insuring that all parties share the pain of compromising for the good of the organization are important.

 It is important to recognize that having a metadata model in use in your organization does not preclude other descriptive terms from being used.  The ERM solutions allow additional fields to be created that can hold jargon and favorite terms (tags) applied by the users.  In addition, synonym rings can be designed in the systems so that non-preferred terms can be associated with the official terms used to manage the content.

As I have travelled to many cities across North America, I am delighted to know that there are leading companies that are not only talking about the need for a metadata model, but that have actually undertaken efforts to build and use them.

What has been your experience in developing a metadata model within your organization?

What are your thoughts on the need to develop controlled vocabularies to manage your records? 

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Jeri Dosemagen

Permanent Retention

Are there any industry standards I could cite that indicate permanent retention periods are inappropriate?
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Carl Weise

The Use of Permanent as a Retention Designation

I am not aware of any industry standards to support this position and I would not expect any.

The problem with the term Permanent is that it is very nebulous – it’s hard to know what it really means.
I have received responses – make it Permanent, please leave my office, suggesting that it means that they don’t know what they are doing and they don’t care. I have received similar responses suggesting that it meant you can do whatever you want with the records after I am no longer with the organization.
Perhaps, I have had too much time on my hands, but I wondered if it meant till the end of civilization or, perhaps, the destruction of the planet earth. I did see an article year’s ago in The Wall Street Journal in which a researcher obtained federal government funding to determine the life of the planet earth. His finding was 400 million years. I was really excited because I could change Permanent to that period of time. If you want to use this number in your retention schedule now, you should really deduct roughly 15 years from it.
So, not only do you need a definition of “record” in your records management policy but you should add a definition for “Permanent”.
I have heard from individuals that the term Permanent is actual found in the statutes themselves. I have done considerable legal research and, in fact, the word permanent is there. Generally, in the form of “these permanent records will be retained for 5, 10” or whatever the stipulated period of time is.
As professionals, I don’t think we can ignore the practical implications of this retention designation. I found it interesting, years ago, when a corporate department wanted to retain their records Permanently, but would not pay several thousands of dollars to have boxes of records catalogued so they could actually retrieve the records.
I would accept that the federal government wants to retain the Declaration of Independence permanently because they have spent a substantial amount of money to try to do just that.
It is clear that there will be substantial costs in retaining large numbers of boxes of records and storing large volumes of electronic records on servers with the associate hardware, software and migration costs. I think the first consideration is that there needs to be someone willing and able to pay the costs. From this, I feel that the longest retention period you can have is Life of Legal Entity. This does not mean any shorter period time – both businesses and government entities want to be around for a long period of time, but it addresses the practical issue of who is going to pay the expenses.
Some students have pointed out that there are a few statutes they require the businesses to retain records when the companies no longer exist – third-party income tax preparers are one such group. In these rare cases, the businesses could set up a fund to support future costs of retaining the records and, perhaps, the salary of a person to watch over them and deal with the government enquiries or investigations. At the same time, I am watching the case law to see if these requirements are even enforceable.
What I am saying is that, as professional records management professionals, we need to remove nebulous terms from our vocabulary and address the practical implications of our retention policies.
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Peter Kurilecz

check out this site

check out the recmgmt-l listserv archives found here
http://lists.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=RECMGMT-L

lots of discussion over the past years about "permanent" retention
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This post and comment(s) reflect the personal perspectives of community members, and not necessarily those of their employers or of AIIM International